Pump Definition Essay Example for Free

Pump Definition Essay A pump is a mechanical device used to transport liquids or gases from one location of lower pressure to another location of higher pressure. Energy is added to the entire system in order to overcome the difference in pressure. Mechanical forces are present in the functioning of pumps as the liquid or gas being transported is either lifted physically or moved through compression forces. Gas pumps most often use compression forces and are usually called compressors except in cases wherein fans or blowers are utilized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many types of pumps and the very first pump dates back to the 7th century B.C. as described by Archimedes. This pump, the Archimedes screw, was utilized in the water systems of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Al-Jazari (1973) was one of the most popular people in the world of pumps as he illustrated and described many different types of pumps such as the reciprocating pump, the double-action pump with pipes for suctioning, the water pump, and the piston pump.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today, pumps are usually categorized into two different divisions: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps. These categories are descriptive of how these pumps work. Positive displacement pumps trap the substance to be transporated in one location called the inlet pressur section and then force it to be displaced to the discharge pipe. Subcategories of positive displacement pumps include the rotary pumps, the metering pumps, and the reciprocating pumps. Rotodynamic pumps, on the other hand, utilize bladed impellers whose rotation within the fluid creates a tangential acceleration of the fluid which in turn creates an energy increase that supports the transport of the substance. Rotodynamic pumps are subcategorized as kinetic pumps and centrifugal pumps. Other special types of pumps include jet pumps, viscous drag pumps, double volute pumps, chopper pumps, rotating casing pumps, recessed impeller pumps, self-priming pumps, slurry pumps, and sludge pumps. (Chaurette, 2004)   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From left to right: double volute pump design, typical jet pump, venture action of a jet pump (Source: Chaurette, 2004)             In the processing industry, pumps have many different applications. The pumps in processing industries are used to transport the raw materials from one location to another. This may involve the transport of ink, pigment, and paint in chemical processing. In the sugar processing industry, pumps are utilized in material transfer from the raw juice, to the cush-cush, to the lime slurry aspects of processing and even more. Pumps are also used in livestock processing as evidenced by its use in feed distribution.   In agricultural processing, pumps are most often the key machines involved in the transport of water. This is very similar to the use of the first noted pump for the water systems of Babylon. These not only include distribution of water in the system but also the elimination of wastewater from the system. This links with another application of pumps, sewage management as seen in the pumps application for grit removal, waste-activated sludge removal and the like. The ideal feature that pumps provide processing industries is the option of bulk transfer. This speeds up the processing time and allows for a more cost-efficient system. Over-all the simple physical mechanics of a pump have been utilized to create numerous types and designs that have been able to improve the operation of the processing industry. Pumps are now an essential part of processing. Soon, new innovations in pump design will surface as a result of the processing industries demand for higher efficiency. References Al-Jazari, I. (1973). The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices  : Kità ¡b fà ­ marifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya, translated by P. Hill. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company Chaurette, J. (2004). Specialty Pumps. Fluide Design Inc. Retrieved 25 March 2008 from www.fluidedesign.com

Online Communities :: Technology Internet Communication

Online Communities "Now, please, everyone lock your wings, let the air out of your shoes and prepare for a period of stimulated exhilaration! Everybody ready? Let’s get in ‘sync’ for our Flight To The Future! (Reid)" Welcome to the 21st century. Everything is changing very quickly in nowadays. Many unbelievable things are happening right now. We are getting college credits without attending classes everyday. Instead of going to schools with heavy bag packs, we just stay at home and take classes through the Internet. The Internet is the most fastest transportation system. It takes us to different countries in five seconds. What we do is just clicking on the mouse and it shows us all the wonderful places that we only dreamed about before. Without paying thousand of dollars for air tickets, we can see all the wonderful and different things by clicking the mouse. Without spending hours and hours in the school library to do research, we can just sit in front of the computer and click on the mouse. Since we are in the 21st century, our research paper topic has been changed. We are not writing about our lover or hero anymore. We are writing a paper about online community, which is very new to some people like me. When Professor Cross was talking about online communities, I had no idea what she was talking about. "Can I just write about my dreams or about my parents instead? I have so much to talk about my dream but not online community. Online community? What is that? Is it something like Korean American Community in Los Angeles?" I started to panic. Online Community did not make sense to me all at. Community means a group of people who live in the same area. Then what is online community? My own definition of online community was a place where computer nerds got together and talked about new computer technology. I was pretty sure that online community was not a place for me to join because I was not a computer nerd. After I searched on the Internet, I got an idea of online community. Online Community area is an electronic meeting place where people share important information. They do not physically meet together like other communities, but they go to same place on the net. Online community is a program that allows global real-time communication in writing via networked personal computers. Online Communities :: Technology Internet Communication Online Communities "Now, please, everyone lock your wings, let the air out of your shoes and prepare for a period of stimulated exhilaration! Everybody ready? Let’s get in ‘sync’ for our Flight To The Future! (Reid)" Welcome to the 21st century. Everything is changing very quickly in nowadays. Many unbelievable things are happening right now. We are getting college credits without attending classes everyday. Instead of going to schools with heavy bag packs, we just stay at home and take classes through the Internet. The Internet is the most fastest transportation system. It takes us to different countries in five seconds. What we do is just clicking on the mouse and it shows us all the wonderful places that we only dreamed about before. Without paying thousand of dollars for air tickets, we can see all the wonderful and different things by clicking the mouse. Without spending hours and hours in the school library to do research, we can just sit in front of the computer and click on the mouse. Since we are in the 21st century, our research paper topic has been changed. We are not writing about our lover or hero anymore. We are writing a paper about online community, which is very new to some people like me. When Professor Cross was talking about online communities, I had no idea what she was talking about. "Can I just write about my dreams or about my parents instead? I have so much to talk about my dream but not online community. Online community? What is that? Is it something like Korean American Community in Los Angeles?" I started to panic. Online Community did not make sense to me all at. Community means a group of people who live in the same area. Then what is online community? My own definition of online community was a place where computer nerds got together and talked about new computer technology. I was pretty sure that online community was not a place for me to join because I was not a computer nerd. After I searched on the Internet, I got an idea of online community. Online Community area is an electronic meeting place where people share important information. They do not physically meet together like other communities, but they go to same place on the net. Online community is a program that allows global real-time communication in writing via networked personal computers.

Case Study Cultural Considerations of Shanghai Disneyland Essay

Shanghai Disneyland resort opening 2015 will have the biggest and tallest Cinderella castle in the world. The key players are the Chinese government, Disney, Shanghai Shendi Group and Mike Crawford, with the key event being the Chinese governments approval in 2009. The political, social considerations, education and economic environments are then explained. The context approach and dimensional approach are used to discuss the cultural considerations. The case will go on to discuss that while there are no current implications affecting the domestic and international business, it will tell of how Disney will benefit the Chinese economy, through growth in income, employment etc. It is recommended that Disney improve the cultural considerations through character costumes, food and by broadening their target market. The essay will look at the case of Shanghai Disneyland and discuss key players. Events and discuss case context through an international context. It will continue to determine the case issues and the relevant theories used to develop solutions to understanding the cross-cultural understandings of culture. The essay will then show the implementations that domestic and international businesses face that operate within the theme park industry, and give recommendations to improve the cross-cultural understandings. The Article looks at Disneyland opening in Shanghai in 2015 thanks to the Chinese governments approval on November 4, 2009 (Rapoza, 2013). The resort will compromise of two Disney hotels, 46,000 square meters for retail, dinning, entertainment venues, recreational facilities, a lake, parking and transport hubs (Rapoza, 2013). Shanghai Disney will have the biggest and tallest Cinderella’s castle in the world, will be interactive and called the Enchanted Storybook castle (Rapoza, 2013). Shanghai Disney sits on nearly 1,00 acres, and is three times bigger than Hong Kong Disney (Rapoza, 2013). The resort is budgeted at 24.5 billion Yuan ($3.7 billion) for the theme park and an additional 4.5 billion Yuan ($700 million) to build hotels and restaurant venues (Rapoza, 2013). Disney itself will own 43% of the property while the Shanghai Shendi Group will own the remaining 57% (Rapoza, 2013). Mike Crawford, Disney’s general manger states that ‘We are excited to see the resort development move into an intensive phase of construction’ and ‘We look forward to providing more updates in the future, as we reach key milestones’ (Rapoza, 2013). Key players in the case are the Chinese government, who hope to improve the local economy. The Shanghai Shendi Group, Disney and Mike Crawford are excited to reach key milestones towards the opening of Shanghai Disneyland. Disney have used various initiatives to lead to the approval of Shanghai Disneyland, included are television, motion pictures and consumer products (Yang, 2012). Key events started with the Chinese government’s approval for Disneyland to be China’s first mainland resort on November 4, 2009 (Rapoza, 2013). Hong Kong Disneyland then recorded profits of $14.1 million (Rapoza, 2013). Shanghai Disney has revealed that there will also be two themed hotels, with the grand opening late 2015 (Rapoza, 2013). In understanding culture it is imperative to understand the control of political, economic, educational and social variables (Kelley & Worthley, 1981). In China, political environments of both domestic and international companies operate under government control (Zhu & Xu, 2010). The Chinese government has been in talks with Disney for more than ten years, and has kept smooth communication (Zhu & Xu, 2010). It is important for Disney to have good relationship with the Chinese government as they share ownership of Shanghai Disneyland (Zhu & Xu, 2010). Due to China still being a developing country, Shanghai Disneyland has had to set a much lower entrance fee to catch more Chinese consumers (Zhu & Xu, 2010). Social considerations that Shanghai Disneyland has had to face are their main target group. Disneyland’s main target are children, in China however, children are expected to succeed academically before socially (Zhu & Xu, 2010). Most people in China do not speak English, and so Disney opened a chain of language schools in Shanghai, with the goal to teach children to speak English, Disney is also employing English and Chinese communicators (Brooks, 2009). High context cultures and low context cultures are used in understanding cross-cultural considerations, and can often lead to unintentional problems I the workplace and negotiations in governments (Beamer &Varner, 2011, p. 102). In a high context culture such as China, communication relies heavily on unspoken conditions or assumptions, whereas in a low context culture such as America (Disney), communication is usually taken at face value however, the context approach only represents one dimension (Peng, 2013, p. 37). However Hofstede’s dimensions of culture represent several dimensions and is far more influential and consists of long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and femininity, individualism and collectivism and power distance (Peng, 2013, p. 37). Individualism and collectivism have impacted the case, due to Disney coming from an American/western culture, which is vast on individualism, and the Chinese being collectivists. Individualism values individual achievements, failures and rights over the collective (Beamer &Varner, 2011, p. 43). Collectivism values the group above the individual needs or rights (Beamer &Varner, 2011, p. 43). Disney was able to understand this particular issue and took advantage to use local companies instead of American resources to help build the technological environment and will help improve their reputation (Zhu & Xu, 2010). While there are no implications yet for domestic business in china, the Shanghai Disney project has already attracted many industries and corporations, including culture industries, restaurants, hotels and content production industries (Crawford, 2010, p.13). With a 330million target market population within a 3hour drive or train ride, and recent transportation investments will make Shanghai accessible by key provinces to Disneyland, which will all become a catalyst for growth (Crawford, 2010, p.13). This will generate income, employment, investment and infrastructure developments that can be leveraged by other industries (Crawford, 2010, p.4-20) There are no implications yet affecting international business in China. Shanghai will become a major destination for business travel with the opening of Disneyland in 2015 and for many state-owned enterprises establishing headquarters in the city (Jian, 2013). Shanghai has 230 international direct flights and all the worlds major hotel groups have hotels in the city to meet the business traveller demand (Jian, 2013). Through looking above it is shown that Shanghai Disneyland will improve the Chinese economy, and build growth towards their tourism industry in both domestic and international businesses. It is recommended that for Shanghai Disney to improve cultural perspectives, they should dress Disney characters in the Chinese Tang costume, and the food served to be Chinese-American. Disney would also need to adjust their main target in China, as students are more academically inclined and could therefore prepare for young couples and young families.

A White Collar Criminal s Social Position Should Not...

Information Should Set You Free A white-collar criminal’s social position should not determine the length, term and type of punishment. The circumstance and type of white-collar crime should influence state and federal officials on the punishment. Some high profile crimes have been thoroughly planned and taken years or decades to execute. More than likely, the people that have planned and executed these crimes can detect the patterns and signs of similar crimes when presented with information or evidence of suspected illegal activities. Frank Abagnale, the subject of the popular movie Catch Me if You Can, is an example of a high profile criminal that was able to use his talents of check fraud and money laundering to assist the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to identify similar criminal activities. According to the FBI, the term white-collar crimes is â€Å"now synonymous with the full range of frauds committed by business and government professionals. These crimes are typically characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and are not dependent on the application or threat of physical force or violence. The motivation behind these crimes is financial. Typically these crimes try to obtain or avoid losing money, property, or services or to secure a personal or business advantage. Numerous white-collar crimes are committed by people holding top positions in the corporate and in the political world. Many times status and money has kept these criminalsShow MoreRelatedThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 PagesThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India â€Å"The practitioners of evil, the hoarders, the profiteers, the black marketers and speculators are the worst enemies of our society. 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