Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (Bod)

Title Laboratory 2 Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen consume ( strain) Objective To suss out the tote up of oxygen necessary for biologic oxidation of ravagewater effluent and determine the amount of oxygen selectd by bacteria while stabilise decomposable organic issuing. Methodology Apparatus Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( frame of reference) meter, Dissolved Oxygen bottle (DO bottle), pipette, Teflon tape, dilution water, incubator machine. Procedure leave 300 ml deoxidize water then stop DO exercise immediately Closed properly and keep into the incubator (200C).Take reading for the next 5 days Add 3 ml dilute water and fill up with dilute water until 300ml then take DO reading immediately Figure 1 Precaution take ins for material body analysis may change greatly during handling and storage. Testing should be started as quickly as possible. To reduce the changes in those consumes which must be held, keep the leavens at or below 4C. Do non allow warnings to freeze. Samples may be kept for no more than 48 bits before beginning the human body test. Students assign to close out interference from atomic number 17. Because atomic number 17 is such a strong oxidizing agent, it will inhibit the growth of surviving bacteria in the BOD test.Any samples containing residual chlorine must be pretreated to remove chlorine before the test is run. This is done by adding sodium sulfite to the sample. Samples with extreme pH values and samples containing disinfectants such as residual chlorine must be treated prior to testing. Caustic alkalinity or sour can prevent bacteria from growing during the course of the BOD test. To prevent this, samples which have pH values lavishlyer than pH 8. 0 or lower than pH 6. 0 must be neutralized to pH 7. 0 before the test is performed. Result 1) 3 ml sampleGroup Sample Result First day ( first) Fifth day (5th) DO temporary worker DO Temp (mg/l) (0C) (mg/l) (0C) 1 booby 1st 9. 20 25. 8 9. 26 20. 3 second 9. 16 25. 8 9. 30 20. 4 tertiary 9. 13 25. 8 9. 31 20. 5 Mean 25. 8 20. 4 Waste Water 1st 9. 24 26. 2 8. 73 20. 5 2nd 9. 12 26. 2 8. 77 20. 6 3rd 9. 10 26. 2 8. 79 20. 7 Mean 26. 2 20. 6 4 Blank 1st 9. 14 25. 9 9. 04 20. 5 2nd 9. 16 26 9. 02 20. 5 3rd 9. 15 26 9. 01 20. 5 Mean 25. 97 20. 5 Waste Water 1st 9. 08 26. 2 8. 31 20. 2nd 9. 05 26. 3 8. 34 20. 7 3rd 9. 02 26. 4 8. 35 20. 8 Mean 26. 3 20. 73 5 Blank 1st 9. 10 25 8. 86 20. 5 2nd 9. 11 25 8. 88 20. 5 3rd 9. 10 25 8. 86 20. 5 Mean 25 20. 5 Waste Water 1st 9. 10 25 7. 82 20. 5 2nd 9. 11 25 7. 82 20. 5 3rd 9. 11 25 7. 84 20. 5 Mean 25 20. 5 The BOD of the sample can be calculates using the equations provided in the following First Equation is provided by the regulation method BOD5= mgL= D1 D2P Second Equation is BOD5= mgL= D1 D2 -B1 B2 P WhereD1 DO of the diluted sample immediately after preparation, mg/L D2 DO of the diluted sample after 5-day incubation at 200c, mg/L B1 DO of the beneathwrite before incubation B2 DO of the control after incubation P fraction of the wastewater sample record book to total combined volume Group Sample First day (1st) Fifth day (5th) BOD5 BOD5 DO Temp DO Temp (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (0C) (mg/l) (0C) (1st Equation) (2ndEquation) 1 Blank 9. 16 25. 8 9. 29 20. 4 52 Waste Water 9. 15 26. 2 8. 76 20. 6 39 4 Blank 9. 15 25. 97 9. 02 20. 5 59 Waste Water 9. 05 26. 3 8. 33 20. 73 72 Blank 9. 1 25 8. 87 20. 5 one hundred five Waste Water 9. 11 25 7. 83 20. 5 128 password From the equation, the result atomic number 18 totally different, it is because second (2nd) equation actually are specialist for seeded sample. Since that, it does not suitable and cant be used to calculate the BOD aim. BOD test is a biological test dependent on the actions of the microorganisms found in the wastewater and, as such, is subject to a number of variations. These variations can be caused by a number of factors, including changes in t emperature, weather, composition of incoming sewage, in plant operations, and take points.Results can vary widely from day to day, or even hour to hour. . Form the result we found that the the BOD level in root word 5 is 128mg/L, Group 4 72mg/L is quiet higher kinda than Group 1 39mg/L. When BOD levels are high, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels descend because the oxygen that is available in the water is being consumed by the bacteria. Since slight dissolved oxygen is available in the water, fish and other aquatic organisms may not survive. If referred to the IWK website, BOD5 at 200C is 20mg/L for standard A and 50mg/L for standard B.Its symbolize only sample from group 1 is under control and can be entitled as clean. High level of result from group 4 and 5 may resulted by the commentary of nitrates and phosphate. Nitrates and phosphates in a body of water can contribute to high BOD levels. Nitrates and phosphates are plant nutrients and can cause plant action and algae to grow quickly. When plants grow quickly, they also die quickly. This contributes to the organic waste in the water, which is then decomposed by bacteria. One of the major disadvantages of the BOD test is the time lag between the collection of samples and the final calculation of results.This makes the BOD test a poor test for determining whether or not operational changes are needed. In addition, the rate and degree that organic matter in wastewater is decomposed (or oxidized) by the normal bacteria present in a sample is largely dependent on the characteristics of the organic matter. For example, more or less organic matter (like sugars or starches) are oxidized very soft and rapidly, and will almost always result in measurable BOD. Other organic matter, however, is sometimes resistant to biological oxidation, and may require special acclimated bacteria to oxidize the material and to show a BOD.Although this is what actually happens in nature, it causes significant variation in BOD res ults from sample to sample. Conclusion, high level of BOD reflects to the DO which it will be decrease. Which is mean the water quality if poor. References Unknown. (n. d. ). Indah Water. Retrieved from http//www. iwk. com. my/v/knowledge-arena/effluent-standards Unknown, A. (n. d. ). Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Overview. Retrieved from Polyseed. com http//www. polyseed. com/misc/BODforwebsite. pdf

Environment Protection Essay

Environment entertainion is the duty of the government. Individual efforts do non count. To what extent do you agree with the above statement?Nowadays, increasing a number of mass concern about environment protection. However, whether the responsibility of defend our environment is supposed to be taken by governments has become a controversial issue. I am going to discuss this topic and boon my viewpoint.First of all, governments should educate residents awareness of the environmental defilement issues and make every effort to keep our city clean and safe. For example, pot should sort rubbish for recycling daily and when they go shopping practice session green bags instead of plastic bags because this leave reduce plastic float and protect our land and trees. Also, government should encourage people reducing their colony on private cars and using public transports and riding bicycles more often. By doing so, this will not only accrue the emission of carbon dioxide from car s and will but also reduce traffic jams and accidents on the road and decrease air pollution.Secondly, governments should take action to inspect pollution control measures in factories such as the discharge of waste water or bluster is legally or not. If factories do not follow legal requirement, governments should curb them penalty and impose severe fine immediately. Moreover, governments should encourage enterprises to create cogency saving equipment such as solar energy and hydraulic male monarch system.To sum up, creating a clean and ideal earth should depend on us making effort on it. The responsibility of environmental protect should be shared between individual and governments. We cannot put all responsibility for protecting the environment on to governments. If everyone can change their habits, the day when people live in a both materially and ecologically equilibrate environment is not far.

Applied Business †Strand B Theory Essay

use of goods and servicesful Areas deep down the BusinessI am going to describe the influence carried stunned by at least three belongal aras of Asda, I go show up explain how these atomic number 18as race unneurotic to arrest the descent employment and I allowing evaluate how effectively these functional beas work together to achieve the aims and objectives of the business. The atomic number 18as I am going to investigate ar finance, IT and marketing and gross revenue.There ar 7 main functional field of views within businesses node operates, administration and IT support, marketing and sales, kind resources, search and disclosement, finance and operations. However not all businesses use these areas. Sole traders might do e very(prenominal) function by themselves and some businesses may use only a a couple of(prenominal) functional areas or fudge surely that employees are able to work in each functional areaIn large businesses masses work togethe r in these separate functional areas. The areas concentrate on and carry out certain functions. All functional areas link together to achieve aims and objectives. Good communication and co-operation is wanted.Functional areas slew be set up by charts such as the wiz below.Fig. 1Customer utilityCustomer service is concerned with client relationships. Their activity is to identify and foregather client pick outs. They pull up stakes education, credit facilities, after sales service, try proficients and give advice. Examples of this include, if a person has a problem with a impertinent mathematical increase such as a washing railcar, so they lead phone up client operate and someone will chatter them through what they hold back done so that they can try to patch up the mistake such as not switching the washing machine on. Good customer services mean happy customers. An casing of good customer services is a shop e.g. furniture. If a person bought a piece of furnitu re wherefore they could get customer services in the form of the retailer suggesting other results that could be better suited to the communication channel which the consumers loss the product for.The retailer could alike offer for the furniture to be delivered or installed where the customer wants it. Bad customer services annoy wad and make them not want to use the company again. An example of grim customer services is if you order a phone and it doesnt change by reversal up on m. You then ring customer services and engage to spend about 2 hours of your magazine and your phone bill on something that should be a simple run. Customer services is very of import as if a company was only focused on selling goods or services, then people would not feel comfortable or happy with the business and so would not want to use it, the business might then loose customers.The times 100 website tells us laid-back quality customer service helps to score customer loyalty. The websit e in addition tells us that customers are not only interested in acquire a product, they are also interested in the services that they lift up when they enter the shop such as a nice acceptable and good refund polices for faulty products. Customer service also gives advice on what a customer could do if they had a problem. Companies such as Portakabin strike mottos that focus purely on customer service. Portakabins motto is prize this time, next time, every time they apply this to both products and customer services.Businesses sack out that if a customer gets a good service that seems to be slight of a chore than usual then they will be more than than likely to return and use the business again. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_service tells us Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase. The GCSE employ Business FOR OCR platter tells us that customer service is all about providing this positive hear. Customer serv ices are expected to pop the question info, give advice, provide credit facilities, deliver goods and provide an after sales service. As tuition required can vary from customer to customer, it is unlikely that a customer service assistant will know the answer to every hesitancy or enquiry that a customer could ask.However, this is not drastically master(prenominal), whats more important is that the query is dealt with well, this means that there is a friendly make a face and a promise to find out quickly as the GCSE apply Business FOR OCR book tells us.advice is also important as the advice is personal to the customer, wheras information is personal to the product. Credit means that items are received by the customer immediately but they pay for it over a set time, maybe several months or years. The GCSE Applied Business FOR OCR book tells us customers practically require credit when they buy an expensive item such as a car. http//www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/level2/typein.pl?m odule=busactivityfunctional12Administration and IT supportAdministration and IT support are concerned with clerical work, such as mail and record keeping, health and safety, security, cleaning and maintenance and provide support for software applications, electronic communications and electronic transactions. For example, if a person within the business incidentally downloads a virus, then admin and ICT will need to know and they will then be able to sort out the problem. If something like this goes unchecked for as well long then there is a chance that the virus could go around and then the whole network could fail. This could mean major problems for the business. IT is used in businesses in many ways. Such as* To Store information about products on databases* To make calculations such as working out the good using spreadsheets.* To provide advertising using computing machine graphics packages.* To process information and other documents using word touch programs* To communica te internally by fax, e-mail and other methods using ICT* To create presentations* To create websites to promote the business and provide information about the business.It is very useful within businesses as it saves time. For example when trying to find a document, if it was on paper and not a computer then a person may need to spend a bevy of time searching through piles of paper just to find one document.Marketing and salesMarketing and sales are concerned with customer needs. They do market interrogation, promotion and sales. So they throw off to research into what customers want such as if a customer wants a futuristic computer screen and power pack then marketing and sales would stand to see whether such a computer had been created yet, and if not then chew up to someone about creating one. They are also responsible for promoting recent products and fashioning people want to buy them. They bring forth to differentiate the product to make it more attractive to customers , they have to skim, maximise, premium price, penetrate, capture & distribute and they have to analyse the product lifecycles. Marketing and sales use the SWOT outline to analyse the existing position. This presents theStrengthsWeaknessesMarket Opportunities out-of-door ThreatsThe market can be atomed so that businesses can concentrate on one segment only. There is a big difference between marketing and sales as marketing is where you are trying to get the trump out products for your customers whereas sales is where you are trying to impel your customer that you already have the best products and where you are selling these products. Marketing the segment can help the marketing department understand its market better. Sales people have to convince their customers that the product that they are selling is the best around. The marketing department of, for example Cadburys, may carry out research to find out what tactile property cocoa is most desired among their customers. They will ask customers which products they would like to be improved and which products they would like to see developed.E.g. Cadburys shortcake biscuit chocolate could be improved to make them crunchier and a new product with orange chocolate in it could be developed. Market research can be carried out by using principal(a) or secondary research methods, or both. Primary research is where data and information is collected first hand. This vouchs that the information is original and up-to-date. However, this can be time consuming and costly. Secondary research is where data and information that already exists is used. This data is usually free, and easily available. When a business has market research, they will go down the marketing mix for the product or service. The marketing mix, consists of product, price, promotion and place. Also known as the 4Ps.Businesses must(prenominal) decide what the product or service should be, including whether it needs to be packaged, what the custo mer wants and whether an after sales package is required. They must decide how much the product should cost. Where the product or service is promoted is also important, as-well as how it is promoted. Where the product is sell is also an issue, the product must be in a commensurate location which is also easy to get transportation to. The use of the 4Ps can increase sales, if used well and correctly. It is likely that all marketing mixes will be slightly different and many factors can influence this. The product and customers are just two of these factors. Sales rung may be employed by businesses which will not only rely on promotion and advertising, to sell the product or service. Sales staff are employed to make contact with strength customers and try to sell products. forgiving resources humankind resources are concerned with health and safety, recruitment, retention, dismissal, working conditions, formulation, phylogenesis and promotion, employee transcription and union. Th is includes legal rights and responsibilities of employer and employees. So they have to hire and fire staff, make sure that staffs are happy and retained and make sure that their working conditions are satisfactory. They are in charge of pedagogy new staff and exploitation their skills and promoting able staff and responsible for managing all of the people who work within the business. If legal action is taken in the name of an employee, then human resources are also responsible for that along with organising employee unions so that workers can have their say. The human resources department can also be called personnel.Human resources are in charge or recruitment and have to ensure that vacancies are filled to the best o their ability, the best and most able workers are employed this means that human resources has recruitment procedures for trained staff to make up in order to recruit the most appropriate workers. Human resources are also in charge of retention which means that they are in charge of keeping staff, if they do not retain good staff then they will have to hire and train another person, this takes time and money and so it is very important that human resources keeps employees happy. Human resources are also in charge of dismissal this means that they are in charge of manageing workers and dismissing the ones, which are not working efficiently. Businesses usually provide an induction programme fair terms and conditions of employment, good working conditions and approximation interviews in which employees can talk to their managers about their performance and future prospects.Human resources also need to ensure that physical working conditions are to a standard, which workers accept. If there is a problem with their environment and the workers are not happy, then it is likely that they will not be working to the best of their ability. on the bloodline(p) conditions also relate to job content, which means what the job includes, promotion pro spects, tuition opportunities and welfare policies, which include loans and medical checks. Working conditions must be hold otherwise workers will become unhappy, which could cost the company a lot of money, especially if lots of workers decide to leave the business.Human resources also need to ensure that workers are trained suitably for their jobs. The human resources department may have a training officer or a training section. Human resources will have to keep staff training records, monitor the training budget and as the GCSE Applied Business FOR OCR book tells us, they will be responsible for overseeing the procedures for applying for training. Some workers may wish to develop their skills, this is usually called staff development as opposed to staff training because the staff are not learning new skills but developing their present skills. Companies may pay for activities that assist staff development and these may be run in the workplace.Staff may be acute to improve thei r abilities and skills because this may lead to a promotion and better job prospects. Human resources will also oversee promotion prospects, and will decide whether or not a worker is good enough or a promotion. Human resources will also be associated with trade unions and employee organisations. The GCSE Applied Business FOR OCR book tells us that senior members of human resources may have to negotiate with trade unions on behalf of caution. Human resources often have to cut information on health and safety issues, and ensure that the Health and gumshoe at Work Act is being followed and used correctly. explore and developmentResearch and development are concerned with developing new goods and services and updating old ones. If a person comes up with a new and good idea then research and development are in charge of devising sure that that idea is looked into. If scientific or expert developments occur then there may be new products developed. A change in customer buy behaviou r can also cause this to happen. So if marketing and sales come to them with a customers query about futuristic computers then they become in charge of that.Research and development have to work with designers to design and produce good quality and good value for money products to entice customers. Research and development use many different methods of research to find out what customers or potential customers want. They may do surveys, questionnaires, and Internet research and could obtain each primary or secondary research. A lot of the time it will be of more use to the company to obtain primary research as then the company will know how up to date the research is. The company will also know, with more certainty, that the research is reliable.financeFinance are concerned with money and future plans, preparing accounts, such as invoices, management accounts, financial accounts for shareholders and inland revenue. They are also concerned with preparing wages and salaries, obtainin g working capital and resources, such as money for expansion and to pay for resources such as equipment and materials. Finance is sometimes considered as the most important functional area within a business. Finance is needed at all points in a businesses life as when they are starting up they will need to buy assets. When they are up and running they will need finance to determine that they are breaking even, this is to say that they must ensure that the money coming in (the input) is matching the money going out (the output). It is important that businesses break even otherwise they will make a loss and can even go into debt. Finance is also important for growing businesses, as they will need to buy more assets and either break-even or make a profit. This will cause them to expand and grow. trading operationsOperations are concerned with the main business activities. They obtain and exchange resources of the business into goods or services. They make decisions such as what to do with land, buildings, material, and jobs for workers and buying new equipment. In a company such as Argos operations would include processing a persons order however in a company such as Gillette, operations might include making a batch of razors.The use of ITThe use of IT relates to all functional areas because of* electronic communications e.g. Email* Data Sharing e.g. Databases* Security systems e.g. virus protections* External communications e.g. Internet* Online support for customers e.g. Order tracking* Electronic transactions e.g. EFTFunctional variationsNo two businesses are the same. Functions will vary because of the* size of it and scale of the business* Activities of the business* Types of customers* Needs of customers* Preferences of owners

Most Important Person in Your Life

One somebody in my life that influences me the most would be my mother. My mom is by far the strongest person I know and she has gone through more struggles than any person should have to. She had to raise me on her own while facing umpteen health issues and did whatever she had to do to give me what I needed. While I was growing up, she did not get to spend as much cadence with me as she would like because she worked a crapper to take care of the bills and she was often in the hospital sick. We also moved around a lot until I was about 12, then we finally owned our first kinsfolk and stated to spend more time together.Things started to improve from here, until my Grandpa passed away. This touch my mom and I greatly, but especially my mom. She started to become more outside and she stopped working for a while. I tried to make her pull a face and get back the close relationship we had. After a a few(prenominal) months things went back to normal, she was back to the fun, lovi ng woman I knew. Over the concluding few years my mom has grown to be my best friend, we do everything together, but her health has also been progressively getting worse.Even though she is eternally sick, she does whatever she can to make me happy. Although I do not of all time appreciate it, my mom has made many sacrifices for me and has taught me many life lessons. I have learned to be responsible, caring, ambitious, confident, and most importantly strong. She has influenced me to become a better person and to always make the most out of what I have. Because of her I know that I can achieve great things and she has excite me to be the best person I can be.

Bilingual Education Essay

multiculturalism as well as multilingual precept admittancees among instills is more or less likely annoyanceing study teachingal institutions in the linked States today. This is primarily because of the situation that the festering proceeds of globalization around the public influences study sectors of the world especially that of the educational field. As for a fact, surveys cum to to the fact that there argon major numbers of students among American schools that come from minor races who ar trying to attain education from the said country.As a result, roughly schools, both elementary and high school give to at least 55% of the minor race population comp ard to the number of students who are among the natives of the country. This statistical fact certainly races a challenging point to the educators of the said scholastic institutions. This challenge actually raises a changing effect within the existing system of education that is currently utilise in the U nited States.In a survey that has been performed among boylike students who are presently affected by the situation mentioned above, the results were radically affecting and changing with regards the education and teaching systems within the American regions. In this occurrence survey, it could be far-famed that there are certain considerations to take notice of to be adequate to meet the needs of the new students who are under the multicultural educational system.The results of the said survey as well as how they particularly affect the educational approach in teaching and attainment within the American territories shall be discussed within the paragraphs that follow. The Survey Results Children who were studying in the first row in Beverly Martin Elementary School in Ithaca, New York, responded to the survey establish from what they actually wanted to receive from their educators as youthful learners belonging to a culturally diverse environment of educational divisions.Ba sed from their response, it could be noteworthy that there are tat least three major requirements among educators that are primarily holded from them by their students. The said expectations include (a) Being personally involved with the students procedures of skill- Educators are expect to have constant assessment of how their students are so far developing in their studies. This especially concerns those who are having a hard time in coping up with the varied pressures brought active by bilingual education.These students are most likely from variant countries that are using other mother languages aside from English. This means that the students are because supposed to gain ample time form their educators to be satisfactory-bodied to have a clear understanding of the major procedures that they need to have it away with in understanding new-fashioned approaches in learning lessons by dint of bilingual education. (b) Being constantly recognized for excellent response to the teaching procedures used towards them by the teachers- acknowledgement of good works usually motivates young learners to do more in school.Most often than not, to at least tending the students realize that they are doing something that is worthwhile for their own personal development. This is especially because of the fact that there are students who are loosing confidence in their studies because of the fact that they are having a hard time adjusting to the language being used in class. Thus, if this is given consideration by the educators, it is possible that the students who are acknowledged for their fair works would gain much confidence as to how they are passage to deal with the challenges that they are to meet in their studies.(c) Giving lessons through modern procedures that are much better that the usual- traditional teaching that is used in the regular educational presentations within the schools may not be as sound in this process of learning. Assisting students o f this particular set up of learning may not be as wakeful as it seems. The educators are then required to adapt to the advancements that are noted as major meeting point of the diametrical students from different countries around the world.These three major expectations draw the line of the fact that the students actually need their teachers to treat them clean in schools even though they are obviously belonging from different races around the world. It could be observed that the radicall teaching that these young learners expect is based on personal concern of their teachers focused upon the learning turn over that they are particularly traffic with in school. Of course, dealing with children from other races may not be that easy for the said early learners of the actual ikon that is eminent in the human society today.However, through the assistance of their teachers in school, even children as young as first graders would be able to understand the ideal way of dealing wit h hatful from other races through the pattern of teaching and treatment that they first observe from their educators. It should always be considered that young children are very observant. It could not be denied that through the acts that the older people portray which they particularly observe everyday, they begin to gain the most important parts of learning that they need to face in life.For this particular reason, teachers who are challenged in dealing with multicultural education patterns should realize that young children have the need of being personally cared for. The psychological impact of the idea that people around them are concerned on how they are growing actually motivates children to do good in school and later on do better with their lives. From this particular survey, it has been noted by the educators that bilingual education has so far began to become the trend of the current educational systems in America.As it has been taken from the results of the performed s urvey among children in a particular school as noted herein, there are three particular major procedures that need consideration upon implying the different effective approaches in assisting students understand the pattern of bilingual education. The said procedures include (a) Peer facilitated Peer facilitated activities are most likely designed to assist students understand the fact that they have people or young learners who are dealing with the same situation as they are.This then shall allow them the space of enduring with the language problems that they are dealing with in school giving them the chance to become adjusted to the difficulties of their learning procedures. (b) Group System Linking Between Students Learning in groups has been proven effective especially for those young learners. Being able to facilitate camaraderie among themselves makes it easier for them to bag the lessons that they are learning even though they all belong from different countries and are pres ently faced with the struggles of learning their lessons in a bilingual set up.(c) Hands-on training procedures for the use of language Practical use of the major procedures of using the language in casual talks shall avail the students have a practical knowledge about the languages that they are expected to use in school. Todays society is faced with the umpteen technological innovations that particularly bring ease to learning. Both oral and literal language could now be used in practical name through online learning approaches.Learning within classroom settings are similarly being pass through the implementation of several technologically advanced gadgets for learning processes that serves as the basic ground lining the students together. Conclusion Children from different countries may appear differently in terms of their physical attributes. However, young as they are, they are actually following the same pattern of growth and personality development that should be cons idered by their school educators.In dealing with children from different cultures, it should then be noted that the need for emphasizing concern for their personal growth and acknowledging their good deeds and excellent educational progress is an essential key to gaining the best results from the learning procedures of the said children. Hence, this particular breath leads to a certain conclusion that children, regardless of the color of the skin or the origin of their culture all need the same level of direction and concern when it comes to learning and education.Learning in a bilingual approach is not that easy as it seems for both the educators and the learners. However, with ample effort and close to succeed in the said particular way of learning, victory could be won over. The benefits of succeeding in this way of learning is not that easy to gain, however, once the benefits are gained, it could not be denied that the efforts placed in by the educators and the learners are a ll worth while. Reference Nieto, S. (2004). Affirming Diversity The Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural and Bilingual Education. Boston Pearson Education, Inc. 4th Ed.

Lushoto

Lushoto Helen Kejo Form 1 m 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS TAFORI-pg 3-5 Sakarani Vine railway yard-pg 6 Irente Biosalmagundi checkpg 7-8 Irente Biodiversity Reserves History pg 9-10 Irente childrens residence pg 11-12 Irente School for the blind pg 13-14 Hiking Mount Usambara pg 15-19 The induce- pg 20 In township 21-23 Soni f solely in eachs24-25 TAFORI Lushoto Silviculture Research Centre (LSRC)The Centre is in Lushoto District, Tanga Region. It carries out forestry query in four departments viz. woodwind instrument Plantation Management and Agro forestry, Forest Ecology, Forest Genetics and Forest Protection. Forest Plantation Management and Agro forestry is trusty for conducting interrogation related to plantation forestry and agro forestry. Forest Ecology mainly deals with research in Bot both(prenominal), Herbarium and Natural Forests. The forest Forest Genetics has two sections throwly Seed and Nursery and corner Breeding.Seed and Nursery section is answerable for a uthor establishment of trials (species and provenances selection), collection, extr inciteion, storage, and distribution and rising of seedlings while Tree Breeding is responsible for trials maintenance, data collection and evaluation of trials. Forest protection deals with research and consultancies on Entomology, Pathology and Fire Protection. Left A forest in Lushoto. Right Tree breeding. The Centre similarly has effected a Desktop publishing building block with the objective of providing services related to typesetting, printing, and binding of documents.The unit provides services to TAFORI itself, regime institutions and other private institutions including individuals. TAFORIS HISTORY TAFORI- Tanzania Forest Institute. TAFORI started by the Germans in 1902. A number of experimental plots ceremonious at that time stack be seen today. In 1928, the British renamed the Amani Research Station to the eastern United States African Agricultural Research Station. In 1948 the Ama ni station was moved to Muguga Kenya, to form the East African Agricultural and Forestry Research Organization (EAAFRO).The organization catered for research activities park to the three partner states. Research problems unique to the individual countries were attended to a national basis. This led to the establishment of the Silvicultural Research Station in Lushoto in 1951 and the Timber Utilization Research Station in Moshi at the equal time. Following the collapse of the East African Community in February 1977, an flying need to fill the vacuum became the app arnt, as the two stations established in the early 1950s were non well placed to act in EEAFROs stand. Sakarani VineyardTropical vineyard This one-acre vineyard is part of the St. Benedicts Religious hall Sakarani near Soni in the Usambara Mountains in northwesterlyern Tanzania. Its one of very a couple of(prenominal) tropical vineyards at approximately 5 degrees south. Problems with growing wine grape vines in the tropics include too short days and an unfavorable clime overall (too hot). This creation in the kettle of fishs, at least the heat vault is partially overcome. They grow Chenin Blanc, which is the most commonly apply white grape in South Africa, as well as a hybridization grape variety for their port.They plant grapes here and later on the grapes ar used for wine. They make both sweet and white wine. Irente Biodiversity Reserve Irente Biodiversity Reserve is a nature reserve with a difference. Owned and managed by northmost-easterly Diocese of the Lutheran church in Tanzania, it incorporates both environmental preservation and sustainable organic agriculture. The Usambaras atomic number 18 one of Conservation Internationals World Biodiversity Hotspots that is, they are recognized as an area with exceptional diversity of species.There is a project here to restore this biodiversity by replanting trees, shrubs and climbers native to the occidental Usambaras. This in turn g et out attract more birds, butterflies, reptiles and small mammals. more INFORMATION Irente Biodiversity Reserve (former Irente Farm) is situated in the western Usambara Mountains, 5 km from Lushoto. It be hankers to the north-eastern diocese of the Lutheran church in Tanzania. On the property thither is an orphanage (Irente childrens home), a groom for the blind (Irente indoctrinate for the blind), and Rainbow school (a school for mentally retarded and autistic children). The farm is 200 ha with plantations of pines, eucalyptus, wattle and silver oak, interspersed with pastures and plots of maize and beans. There is a dairy herd, which supplies milk to a small-scale cheese, butter and quark production. Goat cheese is too produced. In addition rye bread, an assortment of jams and juices bring an income. The farm has a policy of biodiversity restoration that is to replant the rainforest that once existed here. The climate is daft since the farm lies at 1400 m with a rainfall between g-force and 1200 mm. The Irente viewpoint with a view over the Maasai Steppe is only 2 km away. The foods produced at Irente Biodiversity Reserve IRENTE BIODIVERSITY RESERVES HISTORY The origin of the name Irente is obscure. Irente was one of the experimental c souree estates established in 1896 by the German colonial government? s plantation company (Deutsche-Ostafrikanische Plantagengeschellschaft). Other estates established in the same year were Gare, Maweni, Sakharani, and Mazumbai. The aim was to test coffee as a crop, but delinquent to soil infertility, coffee as a plantation crop was abandoned by 1914.The Germans lost the colony to the British in 1918, and it was probably after this that Irente coffee estate came into the hands of a Greek husbandman, Mr. W. J. Tame. By all accounts Mr Tame was a diligent farmer he had 60 acres of coffee trees, a bacon factory and a dairy producing cream. With the coming of independence for Tanganyika in 1961 Mr. Tame sold up to t he DKMS (Lutheran Church) for ? 25,000. The Lutheran church of Tanganyika converted the bacon factory into the Irente Mental Hospital and these patients piece of worked on the farm in order to produce food in stomach of the hospital.Over the years different managers begined the farming infrastructure, and milk production started with the design of Fresian-type cows. However, farming never really showed a consistent profit, the excuse cosmos drought or too much rain, diseases of crops and cattle, and low prices for produce. In 2004 all foreign assistance to Irente was stopped, but the reserve (as it is now called) had found its niche relying on four pillars Nature based tourism Food process Biodiversity protection Farming The cows at Irente Farm they are used for dairy products.The opening has become more profit-oriented and conservation-centred, as it is indeed an income generating enterp elevation of the North Eastern Diocese of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania (Ned ELCT). On the property in that respect are now 3 institutions, Irente School for the art, Irente Children? s home, Rainbow school and Irente church. Irente Biodiversity Reserve seeks to integrate conservation, production and rural development by a combine of activities, taking into account the importance of both muckle and biodiversity. AREA 200 hectaresHEIGHT 1450 metres above sea level RAINFALL 800 to 1280 millimetres ( median(a) 1060mm) TEMPERATURES negligible 10 degrees (July- August) maximum 30 degrees (January-February) Irente Childrens cornerstone Irente Childrens Home (hereafter abbreviated ICH) is an orphanage that has been operating for more than four decades in north eastern Tanzania. The orphanage is run by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania North-Eastern Diocese (hereafter abbreviated ELCT-NED). ICH is one among nine institutions with a well-disposed service orientation run by the ELCT-NED.The diocese is acknowledged for having a long tradition of diaconic work, both in institutional form and in congregations. The first photo shows where the children remain. The brook photo shows one of the children. Other institutions with a social service orientation include Irente School for the dip, Kwemhafa and Hekalungu homes for Lepers, Bangala Lutheran young Seminary, Lwandai Secondary School, Bumbuli Hospital, Lutindi Mental Hospital and Agricultural Training at Irente Farm. Moreover, sevener parishes within the diocese are running dispensaries. ICH has the capacity of receiving 35 children.They live in a u-shaped building where they are divided in 4 rooms according to age. Other people living at ICH are girls who attend a 2-year pre-nursing course. The ICH staff consists of nurses, nurse attendants, a cook, a laundry man, gardeners, watchmen, a secretary, an accountant and a driver. Often there are girls from foreign (mostly Ger numerous) who stay at the ICH for around 3 months and work as volunteers. IRENTE give instruction FOR THE BLIND When someone comes in contact with a blind person, many thoughts run by their head as to how blind people reduce their daily lives. You might be wondering, how that can be true.But the answer to that is that through blindness, people have come to the realization that even though natural eyes dont see, one can still see with eyes of his/her heart. When it comes to the challenges and struggles of being blind, there have been many, but one way or other they have been able to overcome them. All through primary school years people assumed that being blind would hinder from acquire a good education, much less going to the Universities. Irente School for the Blind There is a growing assuredness among communities that the education which blind children are receiving is helping them.They are receiving a quality education which can condition them to compete in the high demanding techno-economy and society of the 21st Century. Children demonstrate their skills North East ern Diocese- ELCT through Irente School for the Blind insures that blind children have the hazard to become capable in the alternative techniques coping with blindness they should develop constructive attitudes, and be given a quality education. Through efforts under instructn there are some problems which we wished to address as follows to compete successfully.Irente School for the Blind needs, Renovation of Dormitories and Staff houses, cultivation of 10 acres out of the 50 for food crops, computers installed with dolphin pin, Academic books and memorizeing aids, Boys Dormitory and Secondary for inclusive education from class 1 to class 4. Finally, we were all too aware of the appalling failure of the teacher educational activity programs to sufficiently prepare their students to teach blind children even more important in preparing student teachers to work with blind children in the classroom.However availability of quality field placements for students in training is a truly serious problem but now Sebastian Kolowa University College (SEKUCo) has such(prenominal) training is available. It will not fate these students to go into the classroom and portray the same miserable educational services that blind children where receiving. HIKING. Mount Usambara The Usambara Mountains are a climb range in North-East Tanzania, approximately 70 miles (110km) long and ranging from 20 to 40 miles (64km) in width.Mountains in the range rise as high as 8,000ft (2,440 m). They are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, which stretch from Kenya through Tanzania, and are one of the worlds Biodiversity hotspots. The range is accessible from the towns of Lushoto in the watt, and Amani in the East. The Usambaras are commonly erupt into two sub-ranges, the West Usambara and the East Usambara. The East Usambara is closer to the coast, receives more rainfall, and is importantly smaller than the West Usambara.The Usambaras Geology and ecology The Usambaras are fairly unique in t hat, being in East Africa, their unspoiled regions are covered in the tropical forest, which today remains mainly in the West of the continent. The mountain range was formed nearly two billion years agone and due to a lack of glaciations and a relatively consistent climate, the rainforest has gone through a long term and unique phylogenesis resulting in an impressive amount of endemism and an old growth demoralise rain forest (Lovett 19931).West and East Usambaras are large ranges of Precambrian metamorphic geologic formations of acid-gneisses, pyroxenes and amphiboles. These mountains were formed by faulting and uplifting creating the drainage system of troughs that form many watersheds, which provide water to a majority of the population of nor-east Tanzania (Lundgren 1980). Considered tremendously significant ecologically, there are many protected zones throughout the range, which are being expanded and contributed to by the Tanzanian government, associated NGOs and research t eams, and donor countries such as Norway.Several species are endemic to the Usambara forests, including the Usambara Eagle-owl, the Usambara Akalat, the Usambara Weaver and the tree Calodendrum eickii. Human write up Historically the Usambara Mountains have been inhabited by the Bantu, Sambaa, and Maasai people who were a mix of agriculturalists and pastoralists. In the late 18th century, German colonialists came to the area bringing with them a mix of interchange crops like lumber trees, coffee, tea, and quinine, and also designated forests as militia for either water conservation or timber use (Rogers 2009).They also brought a slew of new, western ideas which were, in many ways, diametrically irrelevant to traditional beliefs such as coexistence with the forest versus forest as a separate wilderness. The result of colonialism was a massive change in the way forests were perceived in the community, and conversion of traditional agriculture to cultivating cash crops such as quin ine, pine trees, bananas, maize, tea, and coffee. The people in Lushoto Development and tourism Today, the population of the Usambaras has one of the highest growth rates (about 4% compared to the national average of 2. %), a staggering amount of poverty and highest densities of people in all of Tanzania. Most of the inhabitants are subsistence farmers who rely heavily on the forests around them for timber, medicative plants, clearing for agriculture, and fuel wood. Furthermore 70% of the original forests cover of the West and East Usambaras has been lost. Major land and forest degradation remain a pressing issue. However, there are still many places that attract tourists expression for an adventure off the beaten path.These include the bustling trade town of Lushoto, the once popular German resort Amani Nature Reserve and farm, and Mazumbai University Forest, which is considered the last example of a pristine forest in the East Usambaras. The experience To say the truth most of w ere tired on the first a couple of(prenominal) minutes because the hill was steep. I was one of the people in the comportment but found myself one of the last ones to reach the peak. It was a long head and very tiring. We stopped like three times to take a rest and we were stopped once by these scary people.They give tongue to that they told Fredericka and her other friends but they wouldnt stop and also something about scaring monkeys off. aft(prenominal) the mess was cleared, continued with our walk. We took pictures when we reached our last checkpoint. We finally reached the peak. both(prenominal) of us chip at our names on the huts floor. I wrote Helen was here The walk down was longer than the walk up, which is not supposed to happen. We walked around the mountain and when we finally reached our destination, we found out that we walked to the football game pitch where we played football a day ago.We were exhausted Bhoke, Ms. Sandra, Marco and Nancy were the last ones t o reach the football pitch. IN TOWN After the hike, we dropped of the boys at the place they were staying (Tumaini) and we girls were dropped off at our hotel (Lawns). We cleaned because we were all so sweaty Later the bus came with the guys in it and we headed for town. We were going to interview local anaesthetic people about their jobs and what profit they get. Lushoto town When we were in town, we paired ourselves into groups that didnt exceed three people.I paired myself with Amanda since she talks a lot and she was utter(a) material for interviewing people We first interviewed a middle aged woman with a baby who was selling charcoal. She did not look like she was in good state. It was raining and the charcoal was getting wet since its not good for charcoal to be wet not any customers stand firm buying her product. I could see that she had influenza. I asked her how she got it and she said, Mkaa unatimua vumbi tukiwa tunachota. Meaning Charcoal ashes rises when being draw n. She also told as that she only makes 500 tz shillings in a day, which isnt passable to support her family. She has five children and no husband. We then proceeded and went to a salon that up a hill. The ladies in there, at first didnt want to give us information but when we introduced ourselves she felt more secure. I didnt really feel sorry for her because she made 100,000 tz shillings, which was enough since she had no family to support. After that Amanda, Cynthia, Tracey and I became a group. We went to interview bartenders. They went making any money at all since there has been no customer since they opened.We then went to a bar and met up with four bartenders. We interviewed them and they said that there has not been a customer since morning and they have not made any money. After six interviews we called it a day and went back to our hotels. The lawns hotel SONI FALLS The Soni falls is a waterfall in the Usambara Mountains of northeastern Tanzania, near the village of So ni, to the northeast of Kitunda. The falls lie at the end of the Mkuzu River where it joins the Bangala River. The falls lie in the southern part of the West Usambaras Lushoto Mountain Reserve.Soni falls is a comely and calming place. I enjoyed sitting on the rocks and watching the water pour. Some of the rocks were slippery and at a point Asymwe was stuck because she was scared to move due to the slipperiness of the rocks. We also took pictures here and we even drew the waterfall. It was a reasonably way to end the trip but kind of sad because we will never be here again as a class. The boys were dropped off at Tumaini Hostel and we went to Lawns. It was our last day in Lushoto and we partied We ate and sot and danced and laughed We had so much fun. BYE -BYE LUSHOTO

Vacant Chapter 13 Forgive

So uttermost Ive cleaned the bathroom, the oven, the refrigerator and vacuumed twice. Its later nine and Emily politic hasnt shown up. Im starting to think that her things argon simply a mirage, or maybe she just didnt want to digest a lot of junk with her. peradventure shes staying with one of her school friends, and she didnt use up her hygiene stuff. Maybe my earlier thought active what she would need to do for money wasnt that far off the mark. Maybe shes out doing roundthing dangerous, or worse yet, something has already happened to her. theres no one just now me to know shes absent. How long do I have to wait before I turn her in as a missing person? I know she has to be missing for at least twenty-four hours, further maybe shes already been gone for a couple days. Oh, God what if shes hurt and lying somewhere. Maybe she only has minutes left and I groundworkt lose to her in eraOw I hit my head on the bottom shelf of the linen closet, cleaning the dried and cak ed shampoo from the floor when the sound of the door fabricatement startles me.Emily? I hope its her. If its not, Im going to c all told the cops and lie and tell them shes been missing for days. I hear the slapping of tennis shoes against the linoleum, then a poke on the carpet. I turn and look down the hall to condition a brown-haired beauty guinea pig down on the floor.Emily? atomic number 18 you okay? I nearly almost laugh when she looks up at me with her hair tangled in her face.Ethan, its you Its really you She scrambles the rest of the way to me on her knees, spitting her hair out of her mouth and hugging me tighter than I prat ever remember. Her smile is brighter than a sunny day at the equator. We settle on the couch, still holding on to each other. I cant count to let go. I never want to let go.Where have you been? There doesnt seem to be any anger in her tone. How could she NOT be fierce with me?Im ashamed at my answer. I drove. I didnt really go anywhere. I w as just running away, Emily. I hang my head, embarrassed that I dont even have a good reason for leaving her.I know it wont make any difference now because you probably nauseate me, but I love you too, Emily. I have sinceforever, and Im sorry I waited so long to tell you. I should have said it to you a week ago instead of running away like the coward I am. But, I cant hold back down any longer without you knowing how I feel or so you. Ive never been in love before, but Im sensibly sure this is what it feels like. I cant think somewhat anything else but you how you laugh, the way you reave your hair, the way you smell right after the shower GodSomething simoleons my rambling, something soft, warm and moist. Emilys lips atomic number 18 on mine and her arms are draped around my neck. Shes kissing me, and I dont ever want her to stop.Her mouth on mine is awesome And I think about other things I want her to do with her mouth.While there are a speed of light synonyms for how k issing Emily feels, the only thing in my head the at the meaning is woo-hoo. If I really think about what is actually happening, Ill make her stop. This is amiss(p) not the kissing part, but the part where shes willing to forgive all my sins and just withdraw me back without a second thought. Now that Im thought about itDamn it Now Im mad. I pull away fleck her lips linger. Emily, I sigh, not really knowing where to start. We have to talk about this, I motion between us. She nods begrudgingly. Its written all over her face she thinks Im going to reject her again.Look, I pull her chin up so her eyes meet mine, nothing will change my feelings for you. They havent changed in the buy the farm few years, and they wont change in the next few, either. What I have to know, though, is how you are feeling.She starts shaking her head, telling me not to worry, but thats precisely the problem. She should be angry with me.Emily, you should be upset with me. Yell, scream, hit anything to l et me know how you feel Im almost shouting near the end of my declaration. I pull back and get myself in check before I completely lose it.Relieved.What? Its a stupid question because I heard perfectly well what she said. Its a stall tactic on my part.Im relieved, Ethan.Why arent you-Do you know how legion(predicate) people there have been in my life who I cared about or who cared about me?Im pretty sure I know the answer. Im hoping its two, but know for sure its one her mother but Im always deliberate not to bring up LouAnne. I just squeeze her hand, which Im still holding onto like the piece of wood Leonardo DiCaprio was holding onto after his exit from the Titanic.Two, Ethan. Two.Now Im relieved.And one of them cant ever come back, but you did. You came back and I dont care where you went or what you did. You are here now, safe.The tremble in her voice as she says, what you did, tells me shes a little scared of what or who I might have done, so I hope Im about to project he r fears to rest.I just drove and slept in my car. I ate a few times, but honestly, Emily, the only thing I did was think about you and how untold you mean to me. I was an asshole for leaving you. I didnt take your safety or well-being into account and for that, Im sorry. You should be upset with me.I was scared, Ethan. At first, I thought maybe you were just blowing off some steam, off figuring out a way to tell me to leave, but when you didnt come home that first night or the next morning, I started to get worried. Then Margie came by and said you hadnt shown up for work.So, this is how Margie knows about Emily.I wasnt really sure how much she knew, but I could tell she was surprise to find me here. She was so nice though. I told her how highly you speak of her and how much we appreciated the deal she and her husband gave on the car. Then I upset myself for a little bit and told her about you surprising me and taking me to graduation. Emily pauses and smiles, then looks down as i f shes a little embarrassed.It was nice to have a woman to talk to again. It reminded me a little of my mom.Emily continues to tell me about Margie feeler to the house. She said she cried for a little bit because she didnt know what to do, that shed been relying on me for so long. She didnt know what she would do if I didnt come home. She also tells me how Margie asked her about a job and what she liked to do. It seems they went to the public library and Emily applied for a position. She can work there part-time and still go to school. Apparently, she works until oddment and thats why she came home so late. Margie also got her a bus give out and rode with her the first time to make sure it was safe.There isnt a fragrance of flowers big enough for Margie right now.

Moral Values Essay

Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions mingled with the cardinals that be good and the ones which argon bad. The philosophy of deterrent exampleity is ethics. Morality is a synonym of goodness. Laurence Sterne has rightly said Respect for ourselves guides our chastes respect for others guides our readiness. Moral values are important to an individual as it makes one feel peaceful. They give your life a purpose and make it meaningful. Honesty, decency, modesty, multifariousness heartedness, sincerity, forgiveness and gratitude are some of the moral values. It is precise easy for a person high in ethics to control his life.It changes your perspective. You only face up at the brighter side of anything. The negative forces do not hold you endorse any more than. It becomes easier for you to strive towards your aim in life. Moralistic orgasm seems virtuous. It helps you wedge with the valet far and away. Moral values make you trustworthy and run you a respectable place amongst the others. World can be easily captivated by you as people count on your true(p) and sincere approach. Not only to others, moralistic approach assists yourself too. Your integrity result allow you to advance in both personal and professional life. beingness compassionate is like a big virtue. It helps you deal with any fortuity that comes your way. Also you can be a big support to your friends and familiar spirit beings in their difficult measures. While I was studying, in my college days, I was more of a notorious child. Never realising the value of time was one of import thing which I used to do. I never used to bar my assignments on time, incessantly used to be easy for lectures and blush bunking the classes at times. I can still recall number of events where I had submitted late work. I never used to study regularly. Always kept on piling up work till the last day of assessment.A day prior to the interrogation used to be like cavit y on earth for me. As I had never prepared for the exam before I usually got low grades in the examinations. My parents forever and a day told me to bring good values exactly I never listened. My mother always instructed me and even told me the ill results, but as is expected of youngsters I even ignored her. One similar day I went to the college. Walking confidently, presentation off myself, typical me. When I reached my classroom what I saw agitate my very foundations, it was an exam day. Only because I had never paid heed in the class I didnt know about it.I somehow mustered my courage and sat for the exam. I saw everyone engrossed in writing and I was all blank. However the day passed. The worst had only to come. It wasnt far and the results were out. As expected I flunked in the subject. I was down with shame and disrespect not just because of failing but because of the extremely low grades. My grades were perhaps the lowest in the entire batch. I could not find any plac e to hide my face. It is still very difficult for me to put it in words how I faced my friends and family status the result. I went home, low and forlorn.The only person I could share it with was my mother. I know she was heartbroken, but she held me tight and told me thither is never any time in life when you cannot rise up again and correct your improprieties. I hugged her tight. Her warmth gave me the strength to rise up again. From that very moment I resolved to leave behind all the bad habits and move on the right track. I did stick to this and was always moralist in my approach thereafter. It was then I realised how irreverent and impertinent I was and such(prenominal) a human being is incapable of any type of self-abandonment.He is either a slave of his pride or his egoism which in conclusion makes him a prisoner of himself. This is exactly what happened with me. I was blind to values. I never gave things a chance to unfold themselves in their proper character and approache d everything in such an importunate way that I only listened to myself and ignored the rest. flat I can proudly say adopting moral values has make me overcome any obstacle that has intervened my way of progress. I ended up my college with outstanding grades not only the result but I excessively managed to get myself a respectable job.I joined in a company as a business development executive and was at long last promoted to the post of a business development officer. I always valued to excel in my professional life. But to achieve higher levels I needed higher education. MBA was my dream. But to adhere it I went through a difficult time phase. I was impatient as time was short by but at the same time I had to be responsible to the compliance. As recognized by Socrates and Plato, it is better to suffer disadvantage than to commit it I stuck to my moral values and didnt lose patience. My hopes were always high.I knew I would attain my dream. Now I am in a foreign land, perusing a different course, for which I waited three long years. Things around me have changed. There is one thing that hasnt and will not change ever and that is my values. I follow them and they realize me. I have been through quite a lot of experiences in the recent few years. All I can say is moral values are extremely important for your wellbeing. They will always slip away your stress levels lower and help you lead a harmonious life. You are able to direct your behaviour towards beneficial and fulfilling activities.Moral values are the highest amongst all natural values. Positive values are the focus of the world whereas negative values are the greatest evil. Man himself is responsible for all his deeds and actions. Martin Luther King Jr said, If we are to go forward, we must go cover song and rediscover those precious values that all reality hinges on moral foundations and that all reality has spiritual control. (Cravvley & Kendall, 2009) In goodness there shines a light which b estows on the good person an intellectual dignity. I feel I am lucky I was born in a family which withholds strong moral values.

Monopoly †economics Essay

A monopoly exists when it has total control everywhere a position market and controls the affix and demand for that particular right-hand(a) or service. An oligopoly is a structure of a market in which only a a some(prenominal) companies own or control the industry There are subjective monopolies in the economy as well which are necessary to march on the economy progressing. Oligopolies exist because of the control over the supply of a good or service is in the hands of only a recognize few. They can influence the prices as well as the competition. The first monopolies began over discrepancies over infixed resources.Before there was government regulation the resources that were one time widely available to the population were controlled by the likes of elite, rich men. These conflicts over natural resources caused the government to regulate the resources by gathering and distributing them to the public. This regulation was put into station to reduce aggression between the company and the customers while balancing the supply and demand through different companies. Natural monopolies, on the other hand, do exist. These natural monopolies are those that have been in place for a presbyopic time and cannot be easily replaced.An example of these monopolies is a public avail such as water or electric service. It is much much costly to use multiple companies for a utility is much more(prenominal) costly as a whole than allowing the monopoly to continue. Waterlines and electrical towers that have been construct and maintained for years would be difficult to destroy or shoot from the land. In an oligopoly market, the companies learn the prices and work together to control the markets to block brand- impudent competitors from entering the market. The way these companies compete is through advertising and campaigns to get the closely loyalty from the public.By using one another they can piddle supply and demand for their product or service. With gover nment regulation these few powers can also be controlled like a monopoly would be. From a laissez faire view, monopolies and oligopolies result self-correct and be naturally eliminated. For instance, Microsoft Corporation controlled the operating system market since release in 1985. Microsofts operating systems, which once solely dominated the market, instantly compete with Apples MacOS. These two companies competing have now form an oligopolistic market.In conclusion, it is in the best interest in the government to clog monopolies from existing. When monopolies exist they decrease the incentive to for other companies to be successful in the market. Keeping the market competitive will drive companies to create new technology and use their inventiveness to improve the economy. Only under real circumstances should a monopoly exist and that is of a natural monopoly, and when they do they ought to be regulated by the government. Even though the government can set laws and regulatio ns for oligopolies, it still leaves plenty of room for monopolistic activities and uneven market share.

Analysis and Historical Context from Second Treatise of Civil Government by John Locke Essay

The previous fragment weve read belongs to the work of bath Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government, who published it anonymously in 1689. It is a work of political philosophy, in which Locke talks ab go forth civil society, pictorial rights and separation of force outs. Locke was one of the first empirical philosophers and he believed that the gay organism was natural with no knowledge, and that experience and observation were the base of all human wisdom.In the text, Locke talks about how powers should be separated and not change landed estate in the same person (the King) because he would be tempted, and in item it was happening, to use them just to satisfy his desires. Locke also says that individuals are under no obligation to obey one an some other, and that we are all born clear. He continues talking about how a man has the power to do whatever it takes to preserve himself and others, but always obeying the law of nature.People have the power to overthrow the king if he is not existence just with his subjects peck have absolute right to choose a governor, and it should not be all about the great chain of being, a call Locke finds ridiculous because the governor should be elected by people and not by blood. An absolute monarch is illegitimate because we are all born equals. Locke says that thither are one-third fundamental rights for a human being life, conversance and property. These ideas were extremely dangerous because they despised the royal way of governing, and thats the reason why Locke had to publish his work anonymously.They meant a revolution in the mentalities of his time. Lockes work had a tremendous do work upon the Founding Fathers. Lockes idea of men being endowed with natural rights had an enormous influence upon the American Declaration of Independence the rights there enumerated, Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of felicity, were for Locke Life, Liberty and Property. For Locke, the Founding Fathers and for us, property is synonymous with the pursuit of happiness and liberty, and they wouldnt be possible without property. This means that natural rights are intertwined and reciprocally dependent.The loss of any one means the effective loss of the other two. A government that seeks to extort money from its citizens by overtaxing them is imposing upon the liberty of the people. This was the primary reason the Founding Fathers of this nation embarked upon the Revolutionary War. They unders likewised that taxes impose without the consent of the governed were indeed a grave imposition upon their liberty. Before Locke wrote his work, there had been many absolute monarchs in the peck of England like John in 1199 or throng I in 1603, and later James II in 1685. Then, a civil war came during Charles Is restrain from 1642 till 1651.The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I in 1649, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with a Republic command by Oliver Crom well. The period called the Protectorate may be said when Cromwell was installed as Lord Protector in 1653. From then until his death in 1658, he traffic patternd in a state of conflict with parliaments. On may 1660, the parliament resolved that the government of England ought to be by King, Lords and Commons. A week later, Charles II was proclaimed king and before the month was out entered London in triumph.Although Charles IIs control produced the two twin factions, Whig and Tory, from which political parties were later to develop, they were almost identical twins. Each believed as heavily as the other in the maintenance of monarchy each at contrastive times adopted policies previously pursued by the other. The Restoration of 1660, by restoring crown, church and lords, put Englishmen back once more under a system of government proven unworkable. With a king on the throne who still wanted to govern, and a group of dissatisfied men in parliament who wanted his government to be controlled by them, conflict was laboured to avoid.But the civilian revolution did not happen until after Charles IIs death in 1685. King Charles was succeeded by his brother James, who became James II of England and VII of Scotland. James is best known for his belief in absolute monarchy and his attempts to create religious liberty for his subjects against the wishes of the English fan tan. Increasingly members of Britains political and religious elite opposed him as too pro-French, too pro-Catholic, and too much of an absolute monarch.When he produced a Catholic heir, the tautness exploded and leading nobles called on William III of Orange (his son-in-law and nephew) to land an infringement army from the Netherlands. James fled England (and thus abdicated) in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was replaced by William of Orange who became king as William III, ruling jointly with his married woman (Jamess daughter) Mary II. Thus William and Mary, both Protestants, became joint rulers in 1689. Parliament issued the Bill of Rights, which stipulated the rights and obligations of the monarch.William and Mary reigned jointly till 1694 when Mary died. Then, William continued to reign alone. He died in 1702 and faerie Anne, the daughter of James II and the goal Stuart monarch, succeeded William III. She, like Mary, was a Protestant. On May 1707, under the Acts of Union, England and Scotland were united as a single sovereign state, the Kingdom of Great Britain, though Scotland unplowed its legal system and also the Presbyterian Church. Anne became Great Britains first sovereign. wholly Annes children died so that her cousin, Sophia of Hanover was declared her heir.However, Sophia died the same year as Queen Anne and so her son George of Hanover was the one in succeeding Queen Anne worthy George I of England. Basically, this text is a more specific critique of government, stressing the rule of the majority as the most practical choice for government. He ident ifies three elements necessary for a civil society a common accomplished law, a known and impartial body to give judgment, and the power to keep such judgments. He calls for a government with different branches, including a whole legislature, and an active executive who does not outstrip the lawmakers in power.Toward the end of the Treatise, Locke in the long run arrives at the question of forming a new government. When the state ceases to function for the people, it fade away or is overthrown and may be replaced. When the government is dissolved, the people are free to reform the legislative to create a new civil state that works in their best interest. Locke insists that this system protects against random unrest and rise because it allows the people to change their legislative and laws without resorting to force.

Impairing Behavior Disorder

Each year, the U. S. Department of Education reports the percentage of work aged children receiving special education for learning disabilities in public schools. Impairing air disorders occur in approximately 3%-5% of school aged children. precaution Deficit Disorder ( tag on) is one common disability in students. ADD is a neurological disorder that causes inattentiveness and impulsiveness. Inattentiveness factor non concentrating or paying attention. Incomplete assignments the child brings home and the appearance of their cover is a good indicator that they rushed through the work without postulate for quality (Umansky, Smalley, 1994).Inattentive students often seem to be paying attention as they sit quietly and st ar directly at the instructor. Yet, during this time, their thoughts have drifted dispatch from around them. Impulsiveness is acting without thinking (Peacock, 2002). Rapid decisions made without reflecting on the consequences. A child will act quickly on an idea that comes to promontory without considering that they were in the middle of doing something else that should be intercepted first (Barkley, 2005). Behavioral areas embroil the ways teachers and children cope and react.These reactions can be divided into flexible reactions, which do not complicate any thought processes about consequences, and consequential responses, which include some processing before action. It is rare to find school professionals these age who have not heard of Attention Deficit Disorder. Fortunately, there are larger numbers of teachers who are willing to listen to the concerns and make accommodations for children with ADD. escaped outline speaker will use to speak from. I. Inattentiveness means not concentrating or paying attention.A. Rapid decisions B. Act quickly C. estimate processes D. No consequences II. Impulsiveness is acting without thinking A. Not Thinking B. Never finish C. Processing D. Flexible reactions The above is how your easy outline will look. This is the entry you will speak from. This document must be typed. No typewriting is required if using an index card. However, you must speak from an informal outline. Remember, the informal outline main points are complete sentences and sub points are backbone words and phrases.

Filipino People and Beauty Salon

Mario Bellatins Beauty Salon, translated elegantly from the Spanish by Kurt Hollander, is a strange and beautiful parable ab out(p) human bo grumbles living and dying on the fringes of society. The brevity of Bellatins novella is deceptivein average sixty-three pages, the story of this unnamed narrator, a cross-dressing, homosexual hair hairstylist who turns his passion kayo beauty salon into a hospice for victims dying of a sibylline plague, prompts us to consider our collective attitudes toward, and treatment of, the human bodyin illness, in death, in poverty, and in opposition to dominant conceptions of sexual behavior.Bellatins narrator has become the lone cargontaker for men ( single men ar satisfying here) dying of a plague that has stricken his unnamed city. The Terminal, as his beloved former beauty salon for local women is now known, has become the come through stop for those affected by the plague. As the disease ravages the city, leaving its victims to die alone i n a society than shuns them, at risk of round down from the predatory Goat Killer Gang, the Terminal offers precious refuge.Curiouslyand this is what throws the novella so compellingthe narrator is much concerned with describing the tropical fish he folks in the elaborate aquariums of the hospice-turned-salon than he is with the hospice itself or those he c ars for within it. This obsession is a signifi do-nothingt part of the structure of the novel the narrator reluctantly provides information about the daily events of the Terminal in asides that distract him, to his annoyance, from the aquarium, entirely which he still flavors compelled to offer.The narrators hesitance, and his unusual priorities, make interpreting Beauty Salon a particularly enigmatic experience. Bellatin subverts attempts to understand his qualitys motivations and psychology by making this psychology opaque to readers. This mensurable opacity prevents the kind of understanding many readersparticularly many Ameri heap readers, Ill contendmay be accustomed to.Contemporary mainstream Ameri rump belles-lettres is dominated by a particular brand of psychological naive realism that rewards readers in a way that Bellatin has no apparent interest inthese novelscarefully track a characters innermost thoughts, and the sm onlyest of actions is indicatory of character in a strict one-to-one ratio. Bellatin, however, gives us none of thiswhat we are given is narrative, the narrators story, and thither is no interceding narratorial comportment to account for the protagonists actions, or paternally guide our interpretation. jibe to him Beauty Salon is a parable, further one grounded by its circumstantial affable critique.The ill are refugees from the social institutions that purport to care for them, that with a very narrow vision of what care real entailshospitals bequeath not allow them to die there, not with any degree of valuate or dignity, at least. The narrators distrust of r eligion reflects his tone that religious institutions, to a fault, impose upon the ill, falsely leading them to believe in a fate for the body that is mystical and untrue. It is notable that the owner of the beauty salon is a homosexual man prone to cross-dressing, who occasionally engages (happily) in harlotryhis is a body that acts in discord with socio-sexual norms.Like his patients, who have been shunned and cast aside, he too is an outsider. The confluence of these factors, as substantially, suggests an allegorical commentary on the human immunodeficiency virus virus and AIDS and the history of the treatment of infected individuals in our society. http//wordswithoutborders. org/book-review/mario-bellatins-beauty-salon 2. -According to the U. S. undersize communication channel Administration, Inventory refers to stocks of anything necessary to do championship (U. S. Small Business Administration, 2010, pp 1-2). The U. S.Small Business Administration publication describes what constitutes successful record management (balancing toll versus benefits of scrutinize), including 1) Maintaining a wide assortment without spreading the rapidly moving items too thin, 2) Increasing inventory turnover without sacrificing answer, 3) Keeping stock low without sacrificing death penalty , 4) Obtaining lower prices by making volume purchases, 5) Maintaining an adequate inventory without an extravagance of obsolete items. Anyone in business must understand the business of inventory.Below is a look at six different inventory systems as well as a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages. Wal-Mart Inventory System Wal-Mart runs its stores on a perpetual inventory system. This system records the quantity of items sold as items are purchased. The computer system at Wal-Mart constantly keeps up with additions or deductions from inventory and tells management what items are on hand. The organization also conducts counts of employee manual counts of inventory per iodically.When an item arrives at the Wal-Mart distri thoion center it is scanned into the inventory system. When the items are purchased by the consumer, the point-of-sale system reduces the inventory from that purchase. According to Wal-Marts Gail Lavielle, a underweight inventory will help cl auricle out store hole and help Wal-Mart focus on specific brands and products that consumers want (The Associated Press, 2006). http//www. studymode. com/essays/Related- writings-Of-Sales-And-Inventory-613069. hypertext mark-up language 3.Janes (2011) express that computers are extremely reliable device and very powerful calculators with near great accessories applications resembling word processing problem for all of business activities, regardless of size, computers have three advantages over other type of view equipment that process information because computer are rapid, more accurate more economical. 4 -According to Shanker (2013), the main difference between manual and computer ized systems is speed. The processed selective information through accounting software can create reports much faster than manual systems. A calculation through automation minimizes errors and increases efficiency.The inputted data can easily be summarized in good a few clicks. magic spell the manual computing with paper and pencil is much cheaper than a computerized system, which requires a machine and software. other expenses associated with computerization include training and program maintenance. http//www. studymode. com/essays/Related-Literature-And-Studies-Inventory-System-1875708. html Foreign study 1 - agree to Parisa Islam Khan from Eastern University Ayesha Tabassum, Eastern University The beauty-care help industry is one of the flourishing industries in Dhaka, the capital and largest city, in footing of population density, in Bangladesh.The growing number of beauty-conscious women and their demand for variety of run cater to the growth and importance of this indust ry. This study aims at measuring the service quality and customer ecstasy level of high-end womens parlors in Dhaka. Other purposes of this study are to assess the importance of different attributes of customers preference, evaluate the service quality level and the extent of customer satisfaction and reveal the final factors that create customer satisfaction.This study includes in-depth interviews of beauticians and executives and questionnaire survey of 260 customers of high-end beauty parlors of Dhaka city. The findings show that customers put utmost importance in issues such(prenominal) as the service providers behavior, knowledge, environment, counseling system and affordability of the parlors. The customers of the high-end parlors are highly satisfied with the environment, executives politeness, complaint handling system, trustiness and materials.The politeness of the service providers, knowledge level of the executives and safety and hygiene issues are also satisfactory. F actor analysis (Principal Component Analysis) has been carried out by pickings sixteen variables and the result indicates that four service quality factors are creating customer satisfaction. These factors are Support & Facility Factor and Employee. http//www. studymode. com/essays/Beauty-Salon-1108126. html Local Literature 1. -According to Dean Francis Alfair, Philippine men are flattening millions to look and tang good.As was stated in his article, Machos in the Mirror, a metrosexual standardized himself doesnt generally think of himself as vain, but therefore theres this incident where Mr. Alfair remember from high school some of his friends were assembled at his reside so that they could all ride together to a party. As they were getting dressed in their Spandau Ballet-inspired finery (then the height of fashion), one of the barkada produced, from out of the depths of his bag, a can of mousse, which none of them hapless staminates had ever seen or even heard of befor e. Naturally, they all had to squirt some into their hands and smear it on their hair.Not knowing that they were then supposed to blow-dry or otherwise style it, they left the house feeling snazzy, while looking pretty much the same as they had prior to applying the mousse at most, their hair was a little damper, vaguely crispy in texture, and certainly stickier than before. But they matte up utterly transformed. They felt really good looking. Mr. Alfair stated These days (long past high school, thanks), I beart exactly wander somewhat feeling guapo, but according to a survey by global research flying Synovate last year, a good many Philippine males do 48 percent of us, in fact.This is just a slightly lower luck than males in the United States at 53 percent, and considerably higher than our Asiatic neighbors 25 percent of Singaporean men think theyre sexy, and only 12 percent of guys from Hong Kong. Moreover, while less than half of us (which is already a significant figur e) think that were Gods invest to Pinays, a whopping 84 percent of Filipinos rate their looks as quite a or very important to them.Assuming that the survey is accurate, this mover, statistically speaking, that there is no male racial group on earth vainer than Filipino men. And, to my shock, I am one of them. If you think about it, , the evidence is all around us, and has been for decades. Way before the term metrosexual was ever coined (in 1994, by British journalist Mark Simpson, in case youre interested), Filipino businessmen were discharge around toting clutch, but which also frequently contain combs and the occasional handsome mirror.Your average Pinoy traffic cop, while likely to sport an enormous catgut that completely engulfs his regulation belt, is just as likely to brandish gleaming, rosy-hued, meticulously manicured fingernails. And practically everyone has at least one uncle or other previous(a) male relative who keeps his hair so slickly brilliantined that every one else can hands down fix his or her own hair by merely glancing at its mirror-like surface. Those are just what well call the traditional examples.Among the younger set, the author call back a time when you couldnt walk into a classroom of boys without more or less asphyxiating on the overwhelming communal scent of Drakkar cologne. Nowadays the picking of fragrance is more varied, but the rabidly enthusiastic application of cologne, aftershave, or that interbreeding substance strangely labeled as deo-cologne remains constant. The Synovate survey tells us that Filipino men bathe an average of 1. 5 times a day.(Im not really sure how one takes half a bath, but Im told by informed sources that such level(p) male hygiene is a source of relief and delight for Filipino women. ) Since the 1970s, the majority of Philippine beauty salons have become unisex, resulting in a large and growing number of young men who have neer even set foot in a barber shop, which means that most of us go to salons every three weeks or so, according to salon magnate Ricky Reyes, for pampering. Not that barbershops themselves are exactly bastions of simplicity and perfect(a) functionality anymore.High-end ones offer personal care services ranging from facials to foot scrubs to ear cleaning. (Does ear cleaning count as vanity? ) Men also go to massage parlors real ones, not quote-unquote massage parlors not just to soothe their tired muscles, but often for skin-improving treatments like mud baths and herb tea wraps. And speaking of skin treatments, more and more cosmetics companies are coming out with just for men lines of grooming products, including face scrubs, lotions, and astringents.Whats significant is that more and more Pinoy men are actually buying them just 10 years ago, men accounted for only 10 percent of the total Philippine beauty care buying public. That figure has now mushroomed to 40 percent, nub that there are nearly equal numbers of Pinoys and Pinays out t here, snapping up creams and cleansers. Even cosmetic surgery has become not just acceptable, but desirable for many Filipino men from standard dermatology for simple problems like acne, to unapologetic vanity procedures such as liposuction and age-defying Botox injections.Dr. Vicky Belo of the popular Belo health check Clinic confirms, Before, (men) only accounted for one-fourth of my total clientele. Now they are about one-third. Its gotten to the point where Whos your derma? is a topic that can actually enjoy lengthy discussion time in a one-on-one conversation, and surgical treatment has become something of a mark of status in Philippine showbiz.Actors Albert Martinez and John Lloyd Cruz, as well as singer Janno Gibbs, among others, quick (and proudly) admit to being regular clients at the Belo Medical Clinic. crapper all this male vanity be laid at the penetration of celebrities like these and metrosexual poster boy David Beckham? Apparently not. For one thing, as Mr. Al fair mentioned earlier, the Filipino trait of being vanidoso well predates Becks and his ilk. Besides, a metrosexual, by definition, is a male who has a strong aesthetic sense and spends a great repugn of time and money on his appearance.While it seems that Pinoys certainly do make the time and shell out the cash for our looks, we dont unendingly have enough of an aesthetic sense to know what were doing unless there actually is a segment of the female populace I dont know about that really does swoon over pink, manicured fingernails on a man. I cant be sure there isnt, having never tried the look myself. As for why metrosexuals willing to spend so much time and money, it may, surprisingly, be a product of social and economic factors. During the U. S. recession, it was observed that lipstick sales shot up, only to betoken down again once the recession was over.Consistent repetition of this phenomenon led economists to answer that, when consumers feel less than confident about the future, they tend to purchase small, consolatory indulgences such as lipstick rather than splurging on larger items like appliances and electronic gadgets. Correspondingly, Ricky Reyes has noted that more customers flocked to salons during the 1997 economic crisis in the Philippines, turning to relatively low-priced services like haircuts in order to make themselves feel better in an unstable living environment.While the purchase of lipstick per se may not exactly be applicable to the Filipino male, we can obviously draw a corollary with your average Pinoy, who might be clearly reluctant to buy, say, a flat-screen TV in a country where coup detat detat rumors circulate at least twice a year. Instead, he might choose to spend his money on his appearance, perhaps subconsciously http//chrisonis. wordpress. com/2012/07/08/chapter-2-local-literature/

E commerce online food ordering system

The interdict excessively fork ups the telephone line beneathstanding that should e incorporated into substance implementation guides and other user documentation as well as supporting re-use of artifacts at bottom the standards development assist. 3 rockening The main audiences for this document be the potential authors of individual Bars. These ar earlier the ANNUNCIATE line of merchandise and IT experts who are responsible for specifying the business requirements for e-business or e-government solutions in a specific domain and for progressing the development of solutions as relevant standards.Authors whitethorn include other standards bodies or users and developers in developed or create economies. Reference Documents Knowledge and application of the following standards is crucial to the development of fictitious character business requirements specs. Other insinuate references are shown in the take over dower of the document. UN/CAVEAT. Techniques and Metho dologies Group (TM). ASPECTS Modeling methodological analysis ( soundless) dumb Meta Model Core Module. (Candidate for 2. 0). 2009-01-30. Methodology (MUM) MUM Meta Model Foundation Module. Candidate for 2. 0). Formal definitions of many of the adept legal injury used in this interdict condition may be gear up in the above references but for convenience some key definitions are included in Appendix loft this document. 5 single-valued function of BARS 2. 0 A BARS is designed to capture the requirements that a business, government or sector has for an e-commerce solution in a limited battleground of business (I. E. Domain) and to achieve it in such a direction that it proffers a basis for a subsequent standards development process within ANNUNCIATE.Version 2 of the BARS documentation template requires that the business requirements are commencement ceremony specified in business basis and that these requirements are then convey formally as ML diagrams or worksheets tha t aid standardization and provide IT practitioners with the required retracts from which to develop formal specifications. By facilitating consistent documentation of business collaborations between players, the BARS 2. 0 template supports the standardization and harmonistic of business processes and encourages re-use of the resulting artifacts in go away or as a whole.This consistency, achieved through the systematic specification of requirements in the BARS, is vital if resulting e-business systems are to be interoperable. A clear specification of business requirements enables traceability between requirements and supporting the quality assurance process. As the BARS provides the description of the equines processes and identifies the business data needed to support those processes, it can provide the necessity business understanding to enable successful data harmonistic.It also provides the business understanding that must be incorporated when ontogenesis message implementation guides and other user documentation. The use of a forgeing turncock that is designed or configured to support Version 2. 0 of the MUM will enable the majority of the content of a BARS to be generated automatically. This document may also be considered as a resourcefulness to support capacity building in developed or developing economies. 1 Over belief of BARS Development address A BARS moldiness start with a clear specification of the scope of the reckon and where this project fits into a global context of business operations and MAY refer to a MUM model of the business domain. The Scope must(prenominal) be specified in terms of the backing bringes that are gnarled and the barter Entities about which knowledge is to be counterchanged by the participants who are involved forthwith in the learning Exchanges that support the related business process.It MUST also indicate stakeholders who have an interest in the processes, or may participate in elated processes, and whene ver appropriate, what is out of scope of this particular project. The process and tuition flows that constitute the business process, the business rules that govern the replacements and the details of the training that is to be exchanged during these processes, SHOULD then be elaborated.The requirements MUST first be specified in business terms and then expressed in formalized terms. The business requirements MUST be presented as a numbered rock so as to facilitate a check to be invite that all requirements have been met in the eventual e-commerce solutions proposed. As the process of complete a BARS progresses, new requirements may be recognized and added to the distinguish. The resulting BARS will include text, templates (worksheets) and diagrams, and may refer to a MUM model of the domain.To suffice with future re-usability, interoperability and to provide a degree of standardization in the developing a BARS, an initial set of preferred terms is provided in Annex 2. To mi nimize the work in creating a new BARS, better harmonistic and encourage risibility, where ever possible, any relevant existing Bars artifacts or MUM models SHOULD be used as a basis for producing the ewe requirements. A high level BARS MAY be used to mold the context and scope of a domain that is refined by a cascade of more specific Bars. . 2 BARS crease Requirements 5. 2. 1 Scope of Project The Scope of the project MUST be swan in terms of the dividing line Processes to be covered the key types of information that are to be exchanged in the processes and the types of participants that are involved directly or indirectly in providing or using the information exchanged. The place of this project within the wider business domain SHOULD be determine. For example projects in the International SupplyChain, this SHOULD be positioned with respect to the international supply chain be made to industry or sector models and to the Business Area/Process Area classification specified i n the Common Business Process catalogue. The Context categories , as specified in ACTS, SHOULD be used to help specify or limit the scope of the project. 5. 2. 2 Requirements List As they are discovered, the business requirements MUST be added to a numbered list .This list will cover The business transactions between participants, the participant who initiates the activity, the participant who responds and the business conditions that govern the installing and responses. Other business rules governing the Information Exchanges. The key classes of information (Business Entities), the detailed data (attributes) about these Entities that are to be exchanged, and the relation between the Entities. 5. 2. 3 Definitions The names and definitions of each(prenominal) of the business terms and data items used MUST be listed and SHOULD be added as they are discovered in the process of completing the BARS. . 2. 4 MUM model of Business Requirements The business requirements MUST be formalized as appropriate ML artifacts, (Use sideslip Diagrams, action mechanism Diagrams, Class Diagrams and Business Entity Life turn Diagrams) or worksheets, by following the Insufficient Modeling Methodology (MUM). 5. 2. 5 The UN/CAVEAT Modeling Methodology MUM An outline description of the MUM process is given below and examples of artifacts that should form part of the BARS are shown in section 7.The MUM consists of three main views The Business Requirements assimilate enables the Business Information and Business Processes described in the first part of the BARS to be more formally described. The Business Choreography depend shows how the Business Processes may e created from a choreographed set of Business minutes and the information exchanged in each transaction identified as Information gasbags. The Business Information aspect identifies the content of these information envelopes establish on the specific data and syntax standards and is the substance of the related RSI.Figure 1 MUM Outline MUM Business Requirements soak up This presents the view of the domain, the business processes, the participants and the Business Entities involved. They are detailed in the Business Domain take care, Business Partner View and Business Entity View. The Business Domain View This view identifies the scope of the domain in terms of the processes it covers. The Business Area Process area classification may be used to classify the business processes that make up the domain. Each business process is represented by an Activity diagram, Use eggshell Diagram and Business Process Worksheet .These document the Business Partner Types that are engaged in the information governing the initiation of each Information Exchange. The state of the Business Entity resulting from each information exchange is shown in the activity diagram. Business Partner View The business supply view captures a list of business partners and stakeholders in the domain under consideration as well as th e relationships between them. Business Entity View The range of states that a Business Entity may assume and the secern in which they may occur as a result of the various information exchanges are documented in a Business Entity Life make pass diagram.This View MAY also contain Conceptual models that present a business view of the Information and the relationships between the Classes identified. The Conceptual Model is assembled from the list of business requirements and expressed through the use of class diagrams. These describe the necessary classes of information, the relationship between the different classes and the required attributes that are to be found within each class.Each of these pieces of information should be fully described in the business definition section. It is important to stress that the class diagram for a Business Entity should reflect the information requirements expressed in business terms. Business Choreography View This shows how the Business Processes identified in the Business Requirements View may be represented as one or more Business Transactions and the necessary hieroglyph to enable the full functionality of each Business Process to be achieved.It consists of the Business Transaction View, Business collaborationism View and Business Realization View Business Transaction View The business transactions between each pair of data exchange participants that are part of the full Business Process are identified and described in a Transaction Worksheet and illustrated as Use Case diagrams . Six standard transaction patterns are identified within the JIM. two of these represent participants sending and receiving information (Information distribution, Notification) and four represent artisans sending and responding (Query Response, pray Response, Request Confirm, Commercial Transaction).Each transaction is further detailed in terms of the name of the Information Envelopes sent or received the Authorized roles exercised by the send er and receiver the Activities that action the sending or receiving of the Information Envelope the conditions that cause the transaction to start or that exist as a result of the exchanges . Business coaction View The sequence or order in which the set of business transactions that make up the tranquillize business process is specified using a Use Case Diagram and an Activity diagram in the MUM Business Collaboration View.